???? 據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)2021年2月3日倫敦報(bào)道，挪威著名能源研究和商業(yè)情報(bào)公司雷斯塔能源公司估計(jì)，盡管新冠肺炎疫情在全球大流行，但去年全球海上風(fēng)電裝機(jī)容量增長了15%，從2019年底的27.7吉瓦增至31.9吉瓦。中國是去年全球新增海上風(fēng)電裝機(jī)容量增長的主要貢獻(xiàn)者，占去年全球新增的39%，其次是荷蘭(18%)和英國(17%)。Rystad Energy預(yù)計(jì)，今年全球海上風(fēng)電裝機(jī)容量將進(jìn)一步增加11.8吉瓦，比去年的31.9吉瓦大幅增加37%。中國將繼續(xù)引領(lǐng)新增產(chǎn)能，對預(yù)期增長的貢獻(xiàn)率為63%。

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????然而，隨著第一波新冠病毒疫情的平息，在幾個(gè)國家提高海上風(fēng)電裝機(jī)容量目標(biāo)的支持下，海上風(fēng)電市場回到了增長軌道。盡管在不確定的市場中保持彈性是去年的關(guān)鍵，但今年這個(gè)行業(yè)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己將迎來創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的增長，尤其是在亞洲和世界各地的試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)活動(dòng)加快步伐之際。

????2021年以后，中國將開始逐步取消上網(wǎng)電價(jià)，因此許多開發(fā)商正在推動(dòng)在未來一段時(shí)間內(nèi)完成項(xiàng)目。因此，預(yù)計(jì)今年中國的風(fēng)電產(chǎn)能將大幅增加。

????Rystad Energy海上風(fēng)電產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理Alexander Fl?tre表示，“去年中國有超過10吉瓦的建設(shè)積壓，中國開發(fā)商正在競相爭取在今年年底前達(dá)到最大的試運(yùn)行，以便獲得全額上網(wǎng)電價(jià)。這意味著今年中國裝機(jī)容量將大幅增加，特別是一些最初計(jì)劃在去年投產(chǎn)的項(xiàng)目因新冠肺炎疫情大流行最終推遲到2021年。”

????歐洲和美國的項(xiàng)目也因疫情而出現(xiàn)了一些延遲。蘇格蘭50兆瓦Kincardine海上浮式風(fēng)力發(fā)電項(xiàng)目和丹麥Kriegers Flak聯(lián)合電網(wǎng)解決方案的第二階段開發(fā)商不得不推遲啟動(dòng)。在美國，丹麥參與者?rsted在去年10月份宣布，由于許可問題，5個(gè)海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目將推遲至少一年。

????然而，海上風(fēng)電開發(fā)商仍然堅(jiān)持他們的雄心壯志，并繼續(xù)在2020年對項(xiàng)目做出最終投資決定。英國批準(zhǔn)了超過4.7吉瓦的海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電，荷蘭緊隨其后批準(zhǔn)了超過2.2吉瓦的海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電。因此，英國的Triton Knoll、荷蘭的Borssele 3 & 4和丹麥的Kriegers Flak等重大項(xiàng)目預(yù)計(jì)將在今年完成。

????去年下半年，全球積壓的海上風(fēng)電裝機(jī)容量增加了近25吉瓦。目前，巴西沒有可運(yùn)營的海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電能力，但在去年，由于該國新增了超過15吉瓦的風(fēng)力發(fā)電能力，其積壓數(shù)量顯著增加。

????李峻 編譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

????原文如下：

????The Global Wind Energy Industry Is Set To Explode In 2021

????Despite the Covid-19 pandemic, the world’s installed offshore wind capacity rose by 15% in 2020, reaching 31.9 gigawatts (GW) at year-end, from 27.7 GW at the end of 2019, Rystad Energy estimates. China was the main contributor in 2020, accounting for 39% of last year’s additions, followed by the Netherlands (18%) and the UK (17%). Rystad Energy expects the global installed offshore wind capacity to further increase by 11.8 GW in 2021, a monumental 37% step-up compared to 31.9 GW in 2020. China will continue to lead the new capacity additions, contributing 63% of the expected growth.

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????However, with the first wave of the virus settling, the offshore wind market returned to a growth trajectory, supported by increased capacity targets from several nations. While staying resilient in an uncertain market was key in 2020, this year the industry finds itself positioned for record growth, especially as commissioning activities pick up pace in Asia and around the world.

????After 2021, China will begin phasing out feed-in-tariffs and many developers are therefore pushing to complete projects during the coming period. As such, this year is expected to see high capacity additions in the country.

????“China had a construction backlog of more than 10 GW going into 2020, and Chinese developers are racing to reach maximum commissioning by the end of the year in order to claim full feed-in-tariffs. This means 2021 is going to see major capacity additions, particularly since some projects initially scheduled for commissioning in 2020 ended up slipping into 2021,” says Alexander Fl?tre, Rystad Energy’s Product Manager for Offshore Wind.

????Europe and the U.S. also saw some delays due to the pandemic. The developers of the second phase of the 50 MW Kincardine floating offshore wind project in Scotland and the Kriegers Flak combined grid solution in Denmark had to delay start-up. In the US, Danish player ?rsted announced in October delays of at least one year for five projects due to permitting issues.

????Nevertheless, offshore wind developers stayed committed to their ambitions and continued to make final investment decisions for projects in 2020. The UK sanctioned more than 4.7 GW of offshore wind and the Netherlands followed with over 2.2 GW. As a result, major projects such as Triton Knoll in the UK, Borssele 3 & 4 in the Netherlands, and Kriegers Flak in Denmark are expected to be completed during 2021.

????In the second half of last year, almost 25 GW of capacity was added to the global backlog. Currently, Brazil has no operational offshore wind capacity, but its backlog grew significantly during 2020 as the country added more than 15 GW to the drawing board.