據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)報(bào)8月2日消息：美國(guó)和加勒比海地區(qū)正成為印度進(jìn)口原油的新熱點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樵搰?guó)著眼于新市場(chǎng)以使其能源采購(gòu)籃子多樣化，并使自己免受定價(jià)和供應(yīng)沖擊的影響。

　　作為其中的一部分，該國(guó)最大的公共部門(mén)煉油商印度石油公司已于2021年7月從圭亞那購(gòu)買(mǎi)了第一批原油貨物，并與華盛頓簽訂了可選擇購(gòu)買(mǎi)美國(guó)級(jí)原油的定期合同。

　　該公司已與俄羅斯國(guó)家石油公司(Rosneft)簽署了一份長(zhǎng)期合同，以采購(gòu)烏拉爾原油。

　　回顧過(guò)去幾年的數(shù)據(jù)，可以更清楚地了解美國(guó)石油在印度石油進(jìn)口一攬子計(jì)劃的增長(zhǎng)情況。根據(jù)石油部的數(shù)據(jù)，從美國(guó)進(jìn)口的原油在2017-18年增至190萬(wàn)噸，2018-19年度增至620萬(wàn)噸，2019-20年度增至1030萬(wàn)噸。

　　2021財(cái)年，這一數(shù)字已接近1500萬(wàn)噸。

　　石油部長(zhǎng)哈迪普·辛格·普里周一在Lok Sabha回答有關(guān)該國(guó)石油進(jìn)口籃子的問(wèn)題時(shí)還表示，為確保原油供應(yīng)安全并降低對(duì)單一地區(qū)原油依賴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，石油公共部門(mén)企業(yè)(PSU)采購(gòu)來(lái)自位于不同地理位置的國(guó)家的原油，即中東、非洲、北美、南美等。

　　他還表示，自去年5月石油輸出國(guó)組織(歐佩克)開(kāi)始減產(chǎn)以來(lái)，中東在該國(guó)石油進(jìn)口一攬子計(jì)劃中的份額一直在縮小。

　　在2019-20財(cái)年，歐佩克實(shí)施減產(chǎn)之前，PSU從中東國(guó)家進(jìn)口的原油占69.02%(總進(jìn)口量1.288億噸中的8890萬(wàn)噸)。但在2020-21財(cái)年期間，來(lái)自中東的原油進(jìn)口量降至63.49%(占總進(jìn)口量1.101億噸中的6990萬(wàn)噸)。

　　中東原油進(jìn)口減少的主要原因是，自2020年5月以來(lái)，歐佩克削減了原油產(chǎn)量，因?yàn)闅W佩克成員國(guó)根據(jù)其商定的歐佩克+修改配額生產(chǎn)并向買(mǎi)方國(guó)家出口原油。

　　馮娟 摘譯自 經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)報(bào)

　　原文如下：

　　US, Caribbean emerging as new hotspots for crude oil imports by India

　　The US and Caribbean are emerging as new hotspots for crude oil imports by India as the country looks at newer markets to diversify its energy sourcing basket and insulate itself from pricing and supply shocks.

　　As part of this, the country's largest public sector oil refiner, Indian Oil, has bought its first crude oil cargo from Guyana in July 2021 and has also entered into a term contract with Washington for optional purchase of US grade crude oil.

　　The company has signed a term contract with Rosneft, National Oil Company of Russia, to source Urals grade crude.

　　A look at past years data makes things clearer on how US oil is increasing in India's oil import basket. Crude oil imports from the US increased to 1.9 mt in 2017-18, 6.2 mt in 2018-19, and 10.3 mt in 2019-20, based on Petroleum Ministry data.

　　It had reached close to 15 mt in FY21.

　　Replying to a question on country's oil import basket in Lok Sabha on Monday, Petroleum Minister Hardeep Singh Puri also said that to ensure security of crude supplies and to mitigate the risk of dependence on crude from single region, Oil Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) procure crude from countries located at various geographical locations viz. Middle East, Africa, North America, South America, etc.

　　He also indicated that since the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) started with production cuts in May last year, the share of Middle East in the country's oil import basket has been shrinking.

　　During FY 2019-20, before OPEC imposed a cut, import of crude oil by Oil PSUs from Middle Eastern countries was 69.02 per cent (88.9 mt out of total import of 128.8 mt). But during FY 2020-21, import of crude oil from the Middle East reduced to 63.49 per cent (69.9 mt out of total import of 110.1 mt).

　　This reduction in import of crude from Middle East is mainly on account of crude oil production cut by OPEC since May 2020, as the countries which are members of OPEC, produce and export crude oil to buyer nations as per their agreed modified quota of OPEC plus.

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