隨著非傳統(tǒng)電動(dòng)汽車制造商計(jì)劃進(jìn)軍美國(guó)市場(chǎng)，美國(guó)市場(chǎng)對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車(EV)生產(chǎn)商的吸引力越來越大。十年前，當(dāng)人們想到電動(dòng)汽車時(shí)，腦海中會(huì)浮現(xiàn)一個(gè)名字。幾年過去了，消費(fèi)者有大量的電動(dòng)汽車選擇，每年都有更多的電動(dòng)汽車進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。在許多汽車制造商競(jìng)相開發(fā)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的未來汽車之際，從福特(Ford)到通用汽車(GM)等主要汽車制造商已推出電動(dòng)汽車系列，以應(yīng)對(duì)越來越大的脫碳?jí)毫Α＝衲暝缧r(shí)候，美國(guó)突破了大規(guī)模采用電動(dòng)汽車的臨界點(diǎn)，5%的新車是純電動(dòng)的。根據(jù)彭博社的一項(xiàng)分析，達(dá)到這一門檻標(biāo)志著電動(dòng)汽車開始大規(guī)模采用。2022年初，美國(guó)成為僅次于歐洲和亞洲的第三大電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)。基于這一成就，到2025年，美國(guó)四分之一的汽車銷售將是全電動(dòng)的，比最初的預(yù)測(cè)提前了一年。過去，人們?cè)酶鞣N閾值作為電視和手機(jī)等流行電子產(chǎn)品的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)，早期采用者階段耗時(shí)最長(zhǎng)，隨后在達(dá)到閾值后迅速轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹髁鳌＜幽么蟆拇罄麃喓臀靼嘌蓝加型诮衲赀_(dá)到5%的采用率。

美國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)迅速，預(yù)計(jì)將從2021年的282.4億美元增長(zhǎng)到2028年的1374.3億美元，年復(fù)合增長(zhǎng)率為25.4%。2020年，該行業(yè)受到全球大流行的沉重打擊，但已迅速反彈。這在很大程度上是由于在國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際層面上，隨著充電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的發(fā)展和電動(dòng)汽車更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的定價(jià)，消費(fèi)者和汽車制造商正在從內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車(ICE)轉(zhuǎn)向電動(dòng)汽車，碳排放的壓力越來越大。

美國(guó)現(xiàn)在是全球第三大電動(dòng)汽車制造商。在疫情期間暫停推出新電動(dòng)汽車車型的幾家汽車制造商現(xiàn)在終于看到供應(yīng)鏈中斷的情況有所改善，使得各種各樣的汽車制造商今年得以進(jìn)入電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)。電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)的這一浪潮得到了熱切的消費(fèi)者的響應(yīng)，通用汽車(General Motor) 2022年電動(dòng)汽車悍馬(hummer)的預(yù)售在10分鐘內(nèi)售罄。福特還將全電動(dòng)F-150的產(chǎn)量提高了50%，以應(yīng)對(duì)不斷增長(zhǎng)的消費(fèi)者需求。

汽車制造商正在迅速增加新的電動(dòng)汽車車型，一些制造商的目標(biāo)是在五年內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)全電動(dòng)化。預(yù)計(jì)到2024年底，將有數(shù)十輛全電動(dòng)汽車上市，這將創(chuàng)造一個(gè)價(jià)格和汽車功能極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的多元化電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)。《消費(fèi)者報(bào)告》汽車測(cè)試中心副主任Gabe Shenhar解釋說：“這些更實(shí)惠的車型有可能憑借其效率、性能和更低的購(gòu)買成本，吸引相當(dāng)一部分購(gòu)車者購(gòu)買電動(dòng)汽車。”

一些在電動(dòng)汽車業(yè)務(wù)上并不知名的汽車制造商正迅速崛起，成為主要的電池-電動(dòng)汽車廠商，并推出了大量新車型。本田(Honda)本月宣布，計(jì)劃與索尼(Sony)合作，將其索尼-本田(Sony-Honda)電動(dòng)汽車合資企業(yè)引入美國(guó)市場(chǎng)。合作伙伴預(yù)計(jì)在2026年之前向美國(guó)和日本交付他們的電動(dòng)汽車。索尼本田移動(dòng)(SHM)希望在2025年接受預(yù)訂，主要專注于在線銷售。該公司將在北美的本田工廠生產(chǎn)這些汽車，并將在整個(gè)系列中提供三級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)。

這將有助于它與通用汽車、福特汽車和梅賽德斯-奔馳等公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，這些公司也在其車輛中提供自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)。

本田今年4月宣布，計(jì)劃在2020年之前向全球市場(chǎng)推出30款電動(dòng)汽車。當(dāng)時(shí)，該公司表示將在電氣化和軟件技術(shù)領(lǐng)域投資339億美元。索尼在電動(dòng)汽車領(lǐng)域基本不為人知，它在拉斯維加斯2020年消費(fèi)電子展(CES 2020)的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上展示了一款電動(dòng)汽車原型車，之后就很少有人知道了。不過，索尼預(yù)計(jì)將增強(qiáng)本田的電動(dòng)汽車軟件系統(tǒng)，以提供娛樂和其他按月收費(fèi)的服務(wù)。SHM希望它的汽車能像“滾動(dòng)的智能手機(jī)”一樣發(fā)揮作用，盡管它還沒有公布價(jià)格或電池續(xù)航時(shí)間的信息。

到目前為止，特斯拉仍然主導(dǎo)著美國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車市場(chǎng)，但福特、現(xiàn)代、起亞、日產(chǎn)和雪佛蘭等其他公司正在慢慢趕上。雖然特斯拉可能是最知名的電動(dòng)汽車，但其他正在開發(fā)電動(dòng)汽車系列的公司可能對(duì)這家電動(dòng)汽車巨頭具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗鼈冇?jì)劃在未來兩到五年內(nèi)向消費(fèi)者提供更實(shí)惠、續(xù)航時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)的電動(dòng)汽車。

壽琳玲 編譯自 今日油價(jià)

原文如下：

U.S.EV Market Set To Grow By 390% By 2028

The U.S. market is looking increasingly attractive for electric vehicle (EV) producers, as non-traditional EV manufacturers make plans to break into the market. A decade ago, when people thought of EVs one name came to mind. Fast-forward a few years and consumers have a vast array of EV options, with more coming to the market every year. Major automakers from Ford to GM have launched EV ranges, in a bid to respond to mounting pressures to decarbonise, as many car manufacturers race to develop the competitive car of the future. The U.S. crossed the tipping point for EV mass adoption earlier this year when 5 percent of all new car sales were fully electric. Hitting this threshold marked the beginning of mass EV adoption according to a Bloomberg analysis. At the beginning of 2022, the U.S. became the third biggest EV market after Europe and Asia. based on this achievement, a quarter of U.S. car sales could be all-electric by as soon as 2025, a year earlier than originally predicted. Various thresholds have been used as predictors for popular electronics such as televisions and mobile phones in the past, with the early-adopter phase taking the longest, followed by a quick shift to becoming mainstream after hitting the threshold. Canada, Australia, and Spain are all expected to achieve the 5 percent adoption mark this year. 

The U.S. EV market has expanded rapidly and is expected to grow from $28.24 billion in 2021 to $137.43 billion in 2028 at a CAGR of 25.4 percent. The industry was hit hard by the global pandemic in 2020 but has rebounded rapidly. This is largely owing to increasing pressures to decarbonise at the national and international level, with consumers and automakers making the switch from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric in line with charging infrastructure developments and more competitive EV pricing. 

The U.S. is now the third-largest EV manufacturer worldwide. Several automakers that put the launch of new EV models on hold during the pandemic are now finally seeing an improvement in supply chain disruptions, allowing a wide variety of car makers to break into the EV market this year. This flood of the EV market has been met by eager consumers, with General Motor’s (GM) 2022 EV hummer pre-order selling out in 10 minutes. Ford has also increased its output of the fully electric F-150 by 50 percent in response to rising consumer demand. 

And automakers are quickly adding new EV models to their ranges, with several manufacturers aiming for fully-electrified fleets within half a decade. Dozens of all-electric vehicles are expected to launch by the end of 2024, creating a diverse EV market with highly competitive pricing and car features. Gabe Shenhar, associate director of Consumer Reports’ Auto Test Center explained, “These more affordable models have the potential to sway a significant percentage of the car-buying public toward buying an EV with their efficiency, performance, and lower ownership costs.”

And several automakers unknown for their EV business are emerging quickly as major battery-electric playerswith extensive new ranges set for market. Honda announced this month that it plans to partner with Sony to bring its Sony-Honda EV venture to the U.S. market. The partners expect to deliver their EVs to both the U.S. and Japan by 2026. Sony Honda Mobility (SHM) hopes to take pre-orders in 2025, focusing mainly on online sales. It will manufacture the vehicles at a Honda factory in North America and will offer a Level 3 autonomous driving system across the range. 

This will help it compete with companies such as Tesla, General Motors, Ford Motor Co., and Mercedes Benz which are also offering autonomous driving systems in their vehicles. 

The new venture builds upon Honda’s April announcement that its plans to deliver 30 EV models to the global market by the end of the decade. At the time, it said it would be investing $33.9 billion in electrification and software technologies. Sony is largely unknown in the EV world, presenting a prototype electric car at a press event during CES 2020 in Las Vegas, and little since. However, Sony is expected to enhance Honda’s EV software system to provide entertainment and other services that will be billed monthly. SHM hopes its vehicle will function like a ‘rolling smartphone’, although it has not yet released information about the price or battery range. 

To date, Tesla is still dominating the U.S. EV market, but other companies such as Ford, Hyundai, Kia, Nissan, and Chevrolet are slowly catching up. While Tesla might be the most well-known EV, other companies developing their EV ranges may have a competitive edge over the electric car giant, as they plan to offer consumers more affordable and longer-range EVs within the next two to five years.