據(jù)鉆機(jī)地帶5月17日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)能源部(DOE)宣布，將為補(bǔ)充戰(zhàn)略石油儲(chǔ)備(SPR)購(gòu)買多達(dá)300萬(wàn)桶石油。

美國(guó)能源部在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中概述，此舉是政府補(bǔ)充戰(zhàn)略石油計(jì)劃的延續(xù)。美國(guó)能源部在聲明中指出，這一由三部分組成的補(bǔ)充戰(zhàn)略包括：利用緊急銷售收入直接采購(gòu)、根據(jù)交付數(shù)量獲得溢價(jià)的交換退貨以及確保立法解決方案，避免與供應(yīng)中斷無(wú)關(guān)的不必要銷售，從而在戰(zhàn)略上保持?jǐn)?shù)量。

美國(guó)能源部在一份組織聲明中表示，(這一)聲明推進(jìn)了政府在歷史性地釋放SPR之后的補(bǔ)充戰(zhàn)略，以解決地緣政治沖突造成的重大全球供應(yīng)中斷，并為國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)量增加提供橋梁。

美國(guó)能源部補(bǔ)充道，美國(guó)能源部致力于執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)為納稅人提供最佳交易的SPR補(bǔ)充戰(zhàn)略，旨在以低于2022年每桶約95美元的平均價(jià)格回購(gòu)原油，同時(shí)通過(guò)為行業(yè)提供確定性來(lái)加強(qiáng)能源安全，從而有助于鼓勵(lì)近期供應(yīng)。美國(guó)能源部指出，其打算在今年晚些時(shí)候購(gòu)買更多石油。

2022年3月31日，白宮的一份情況說(shuō)明書(shū)概述了政府將宣布“歷史上最大規(guī)模的石油儲(chǔ)備釋放，在未來(lái)六個(gè)月內(nèi)，平均每天向市場(chǎng)增加100萬(wàn)桶石油”。

該情況說(shuō)明書(shū)當(dāng)時(shí)指出，這次釋放規(guī)模是前所未有的——世界上從來(lái)沒(méi)有在這么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)以每天100萬(wàn)桶的速度釋放石油儲(chǔ)量。

該情況說(shuō)明書(shū)補(bǔ)充稱：“這一創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的產(chǎn)量將提供歷史性的供應(yīng)量，在年底國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)量上升之前起到橋梁作用。”

去年11月3日，美國(guó)能源部透露，在2022年10月18日宣布出售通知后，已經(jīng)授予了從SPR購(gòu)買原油的合同。美國(guó)能源部當(dāng)時(shí)在一份組織聲明中表示，這些合同的授予完成了政府2022年3月31日宣布釋放1.8億桶原油的聲明，以解決地緣政治沖突造成的嚴(yán)重全球供應(yīng)中斷，作為戰(zhàn)時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)量增加的橋梁，并幫助降低美國(guó)家庭的能源成本。

美國(guó)能源部在其最新聲明中強(qiáng)調(diào)，SPR仍然是世界上最大的應(yīng)急原油供應(yīng)。

根據(jù)美國(guó)能源信息署(EIA)的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至2023年5月5日當(dāng)周，美國(guó)在SPR中的原油期末庫(kù)存為3.62014億桶。根據(jù)EIA數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在2022年5月6日當(dāng)周，這一數(shù)字為5.42994億桶，在2021年5月14日當(dāng)周，這一數(shù)字為6.30127億桶。

在本月早些時(shí)候發(fā)布的最新短期能源展望（STEO）中，EIA預(yù)計(jì)，2023年和2024年，SPR中的原油期末庫(kù)存將達(dá)到3.456億桶。在4月發(fā)布的上一次STEO中，EIA預(yù)測(cè)，在2023年和2024年，SPR中的原油期末庫(kù)存將達(dá)到3.452億桶。

美國(guó)能源部網(wǎng)站指出，戰(zhàn)略石油儲(chǔ)備的建立主要是為了減少石油產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)中斷的影響，并履行美國(guó)在國(guó)際能源計(jì)劃下的義務(wù)。聯(lián)邦政府擁有的石油儲(chǔ)備儲(chǔ)存在墨西哥灣沿岸四個(gè)地點(diǎn)的地下鹽穴中。

郝芬 譯自 鉆機(jī)地帶

原文如下：

USA DOE to Repurchase Up to 3MM Barrels of Oil for SPR

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has announced that it will purchase up to three million barrels of oil for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).

The move is in continuation of the Administration’s three-part replenishment plan, the DOE outlined in a statement posted on its website. This three-part replenishment strategy includes direct purchases with revenues from emergency sales, exchange returns that include a premium to volume delivered, and securing legislative solutions that avoid unnecessary sales unrelated to supply disruptions so as to strategically maintain volume, the DOE noted in the statement.

“[This] announcement advances the President’s replenishment strategy following his historic release from the SPR to address the significant global supply disruption caused by the war and provide a wartime bridge for domestic production to increase,” the DOE said in an organization statement.

“DOE is committed to executing an SPR replenishment strategy that provides the best deal for taxpayers - aiming to repurchase crude at a lower price than the average of about $95 per barrel it was sold for in 2022, while strengthening energy security by providing certainty to the industry in a way that helps encourage near-term supply,” the DOE added, noting that it intends to purchase more oil later this year. 

On March 31, 2022, a White House fact sheet outlined that it would announce “the largest release of oil reserves in history, putting one million additional barrels on the market per day on average, every day, for the next six months”.  

“The scale of this release is unprecedented - the world has never had a release of oil reserves at this one million per day rate for this length of time,” the fact sheet noted at the time.

“This record release will provide a historic amount of supply to serve as bridge until the end of the year when domestic production ramps up,” the fact sheet added.

On November 3, the DOE revealed that contracts had been awarded for the purchase of crude oil from the SPR following a notice of sale announced on October 18, 2022. These contract awards completed the announcement on March 31, 2022, to release 180 million barrels of crude oil to address the significant global supply disruption caused by the war , act as a wartime bridge for domestic production to increase, and aid in lowering energy costs for American families, the DOE said in an organization statement at the time.

In its latest statement, the DOE highlighted that the SPR continues to be the world’s largest supply of emergency crude oil.

According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) latest data, weekly U.S. ending stocks of crude oil in the SPR stood at 362.014 million barrels in the week of May 5, 2023. In the week of May 6, 2022, this figure stood at 542.994 million barrels and in the week of May 14, 2021, the figure stood at 630.127 million barrels, EIA data showed.

In its latest short term energy outlook (STEO), which was published earlier this month, the EIA projected that end of period inventories of crude oil in the SPR would hit 345.6 million barrels in both 2023 and 2024. In its previous STEO, which was published in April, the EIA projected that end of period inventories of crude oil in the SPR would hit 345.2 million barrels in both 2023 and 2024.

The SPR was established primarily to reduce the impact of disruptions in supplies of petroleum products and to carry out obligations of the U.S. under the international energy program, the DOE’s website notes. The federally owned oil stocks are stored in underground salt caverns at four sites along the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico, the site highlights.