昆士蘭州已確定州內(nèi)的12個(gè)可再生能源區(qū)域，并計(jì)劃投資于風(fēng)能、太陽能和抽水蓄能項(xiàng)目

由于昆士蘭是澳大利亞最大的溫室氣體排放州，該項(xiàng)目將大大有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)澳大利亞的碳減排目標(biāo)

這個(gè)超級電網(wǎng)計(jì)劃預(yù)計(jì)將在可再生能源、建筑業(yè)和相關(guān)領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造大量工作機(jī)會，而當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駥@得豐厚補(bǔ)償

據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)7月22日報(bào)道，作為亞洲煤炭供應(yīng)的主要來源，澳大利亞正在擴(kuò)大其對可再生能源項(xiàng)目的興趣，并對一系列重大可再生能源項(xiàng)目抱有高度期望。澳大利亞已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了幾個(gè)風(fēng)能和太陽能項(xiàng)目，并預(yù)計(jì)澳大利亞將在未來十年成為一個(gè)主要的綠色氫能源中心。現(xiàn)在，昆士蘭州將擁有一個(gè)由可再生能源驅(qū)動(dòng)的超級電網(wǎng)。

盡管繼續(xù)嚴(yán)重依賴化石燃料收入，但澳大利亞已宣布一系列雄心勃勃的氣候承諾。2022年，政府宣布將目標(biāo)設(shè)定為到2035年實(shí)現(xiàn)80%的電力來自可再生能源。那時(shí)澳大利亞也期望結(jié)束對煤炭發(fā)電的依賴。澳大利亞希望到2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零碳排放，并在2030年前將甲烷排放減少至少30%。

2022年9月，澳大利亞發(fā)布了其昆士蘭超級電網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施藍(lán)圖，旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)該州的電力系統(tǒng)脫碳。該藍(lán)圖包括到2030年將昆士蘭州50%的能源來自可再生能源、支持全國從2005年水平減排30%的目標(biāo)、提供競爭性定價(jià)的能源以及將煤電廠改造為可再生能源場所。

本月，昆士蘭州宣布確定了州內(nèi)的12個(gè)可再生能源區(qū)域，這些區(qū)域?qū)@得其620億澳元的綠色能源投資的大部分資金。這些區(qū)域分為三個(gè)地區(qū)，其中南昆士蘭有五個(gè)區(qū)域，中部有四個(gè)區(qū)域，北部有三個(gè)區(qū)域。昆士蘭是澳大利亞最大的溫室氣體排放州，其中電力發(fā)電貢獻(xiàn)占這些排放的三分之一，這使得該項(xiàng)目變得更加必要。

政府還計(jì)劃大力投資風(fēng)能、太陽能和抽水蓄能項(xiàng)目，所有這些項(xiàng)目都將于2035年前連接到新的可再生能源“超級電網(wǎng)”，包括儲能和輸電線路。預(yù)計(jì)到2035年，新的太陽能和風(fēng)能裝機(jī)容量將增加約22吉瓦（GW），這將比目前混合化石燃料和可再生能源裝機(jī)容量的16吉瓦大幅增加。政府將與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)進(jìn)行磋商，召開專家小組，并進(jìn)行一系列潛在項(xiàng)目評估，以確保獲得昆士蘭居民的支持。

昆士蘭州能源部長米克·德·布倫尼表示，這將是該州有史以來最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型項(xiàng)目。他表示：“我們國家需要昆士蘭州成功轉(zhuǎn)型，政府需要帶領(lǐng)社區(qū)經(jīng)歷一個(gè)過程，并獲得對變革的支持。”他還補(bǔ)充說：“我們希望將昆士蘭州的轉(zhuǎn)型建立為全國最佳實(shí)踐案例。”

該項(xiàng)目預(yù)計(jì)將大幅提升該地區(qū)的就業(yè)機(jī)會，澳大利亞將新增大量的可再生能源、建筑業(yè)和其他相關(guān)就業(yè)崗位。這符合全球可再生能源就業(yè)崗位增加的趨勢，2021年全球可再生能源就業(yè)崗位增加了70萬個(gè)。盡管曾擔(dān)心能源就業(yè)市場（特別是在化石燃料行業(yè)）由于疫情和綠色轉(zhuǎn)型可能出現(xiàn)滯后，但預(yù)計(jì)在未來幾十年綠色能源行業(yè)將增加更多的就業(yè)崗位。

昆士蘭保護(hù)委員會主任戴夫·科普曼表示：“傳統(tǒng)土地所有者和社區(qū)參與設(shè)計(jì)自己的能源未來，保護(hù)我們的生物多樣性和豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)至關(guān)重要。”昆士蘭地方政府協(xié)會首席執(zhí)行官艾莉森·史密斯表示，“他們有權(quán)從這些大規(guī)模項(xiàng)目中獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會利益的公平份額”。

政府似乎對此問題非常重視。由于引入了一項(xiàng)旨在加速綠色轉(zhuǎn)型的新框架，昆士蘭州的土地所有者預(yù)計(jì)將獲得豐厚補(bǔ)償以接受在其名下土地上架設(shè)輸電線路，其中4.5億澳元用于該項(xiàng)補(bǔ)償。電網(wǎng)公司Powerlink的超級電網(wǎng)土地所有者支付框架將為接納新的輸電基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的土地所有者提供約每公里30萬澳元的費(fèi)用。這遠(yuǎn)高于其他州如新南威爾士和維多利亞州向土地所有者提供的費(fèi)用。該公司還預(yù)計(jì)將對位于新基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施旁邊的土地所有者進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償。

如果順利實(shí)施，昆士蘭超級電網(wǎng)將為其他州和國家提供一個(gè)可供借鑒的藍(lán)圖。這個(gè)雄心勃勃的項(xiàng)目預(yù)計(jì)將改變該州的面貌，支持逐步減少對煤炭的依賴，而澳大利亞目前仍嚴(yán)重依賴煤炭，同時(shí)在該地區(qū)提供數(shù)千個(gè)新的工作機(jī)會。這個(gè)超級電網(wǎng)還將大大有助于澳大利亞的碳減排目標(biāo)和整體綠色轉(zhuǎn)型。

胡耀東 編譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Queensland's $62 Billion Green Energy SuperGrid Gambit

Queensland's government has identified 12 renewable energy zones across the state, with plans to invest in wind, solar, and pumped-hydro projects.

As Queensland is the biggest greenhouse gas emitter in Australia, this project will significantly contribute to Australia's carbon cutting targets.

The SuperGrid project is expected to create a large number of jobs in renewable energy, construction, and related sectors, while landowners are set to receive generous payments for hosting transmission lines on their property.

Australia, the source of much of Asia’s coal supply, is expanding its energy interests with high hopes for a range of major renewable energy projects. The government has already approved several wind and solar power operations and expects Australia to become a major green hydrogen hub in the next decade. And now the state of Queensland will become home to a SuperGrid, powered by renewables.

Despite continuing to rely heavily on revenues from fossil fuels, Australia has announced a range of ambitious climate pledges. In 2022, the government announced the target of generating 80 percent of its electricity from renewable energy by 2035. It also expects to end its reliance on coal generation for power by this time. Australia hopes to achieve net-zero caron emissions by 2050, cutting its methane emissions by at least 30 percent by 2030.

In September 2022, the Australian government published its Queensland SuperGrid Infrastructure Blueprint, aimed at decarbonising the state’s electricity system. The blueprint includes the target of 50 percent renewable energy for Queensland by 2030, support for the national aim of a 30 percent emissions reduction from 2005 levels, the provision of competitively priced energy, and transforming coal plants into renewable energy sites.

This month, the Queensland government announced it had identified 12 renewable energy zones across the state that will be awarded the bulk of its $62 billion green energy investment. The zones are divided into three regions, with five zones in southern Queensland, four in central and three in the north. Queensland is the biggest greenhouse gas emitter in Australia, with electricity generation contribution one-third of these emissions, making this project all the more necessary.

The Palaszczuk government aims to invest heavily in wind, solar, and pumped-hydro projects, all to be connected to the new “super grid” of renewable power, storage and transmission lines by 2035. Approximately 22 GW of new solar and wind capacity is expected to be added to the grid by 2035, an increase from the current mixed fossil fuel and renewable capacity of 16 GW. The government will consult with local communities, hold expert panels, and carry out a range of assessments for potential projects to ensure it gains the support of Queensland residents.

Mick de Brenni, Queensland’s minister for energy, renewables and hydrogen, said this this would be the biggest economic transition project the state had ever undergone. De Brenni stated “Our nation needs Queensland to succeed… There’s work to be done by governments to lead communities through a process and to develop that support for change.” He added, “We want to establish Queensland’s transition as a best-practice case study for the nation.”

The project is expected to massively boost jobs in the region, with Australia adding a wide range of renewable energy jobs, as well as construction and other related jobs. This follows a global trend for renewable energy jobs, having seen a global increase of 700,000 jobs in renewable energy in 2021. While there were fears of the energy job market faltering, following the pandemic and due to a green transition, primarily in the fossil fuel industry, many more jobs are expected to be added in the green energy sector in the coming decades.

The director of the Queensland Conservation Council, Dave Copeman, stated “It’s essential that traditional owners and communities are involved in designing their own energy future and protecting our biodiversity and rich cultural heritage.” While the CEO of the Local Government Association of Queensland, Alison Smith, said it’s only right that they benefit from their fair share of the economic and social benefits that will come from these large-scale projects.”

And it seems like the government is taking this issue seriously. Landowners in the stated are expected to get generous payments for accepting transmission lines in their back yard thanks to a new framework introduced to accelerate the green transition, with $450 million earmarked for landowners. The SuperGrid Landholder Payment framework from the company Powerlink will provide around $300,000 a kilometre to landowners that host new transmission infrastructure. This is far higher than the amount offered to landowners in other states, such as New South Wales and Victoria. The firm is also expected to compensate landowners with properties next to the new infrastructure.

If carried out successfully, the Queensland SuperGrid could offer a blueprint for other states and countries to follow. The ambitious project is expected to transform the state, support a transition away from coal – on which Australia continues to rely heavily, and provide thousands of new jobs in the region. The SuperGrid will also contribute heavily to Australia’s carbon cutting targets and its overall green transition